Invisible Unicode code points can make two strings look identical while remaining different encoded sequences. Learn how exact matching, normalization, and identifier rules interact.
Read more →Learn a safer way to detect, classify, and remove unwanted invisible Unicode characters without stripping controls that valid text may still need.
Read more →U+200E LRM and U+200F RLM are invisible strong-direction marks used in bidirectional text. Learn how they differ and why they may appear in copied text.
Read more →Unicode bidi isolates keep a directional span from unexpectedly affecting surrounding text. Learn what LRI, RLI, FSI, and PDI do.
Read more →Unicode provides four invisible mathematical operators for function application, implied multiplication, invisible separation, and implied addition.
Read more →U+FE0E VS15 and U+FE0F VS16 are invisible selectors used in assigned emoji variation sequences to request text or emoji presentation.
Read more →The number sign # and the musical sharp sign ♯ can look surprisingly similar, especially at small sizes or in fonts with narrow strokes. They are different Unicode…
Read more →The hyphen -, en dash –, em dash —, and minus sign − are easy to mistake for one another. They are all horizontal marks, and depending on…
Read more →The asterisk *, multiplication sign ×, and star operator ⋆ can all appear in mathematical or technical contexts, but they are different Unicode characters. * is U+002A ASTERISK,…
Read more →An apostrophe and a single quotation mark can look exactly the same because the same Unicode character may perform both roles. A straight keyboard mark such as '…
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